An examination into Russia’s use of Private Military Contractors as a tool to achieve their geopolitical goals in Africa

Abstract

An examination into Russia’s use of Private Military Contractors as a tool to achieve their geopolitical goals in Africa

Mark Conway

This paper examines Russia's use of Private Military Contractors (PMCs) in Africa, particularly its impact on diminishing Western influence. Existing research on PMCs often overlooks the specificities of Russia's approach and therefore this research addresses this gap; by employing a mixed methods approach, combining document analysis with quantitative data. It investigates the historical and legal context of Russian PMCs, their deployment strategies in Africa, and their impact on established Western interests. Case studies of Mali and the Central African Republic (CAR) explore operational dynamics, geopolitical motivations, and the consequences for regional stability, human rights, and democratic governance.

The findings reveal a calculated Russian strategy leveraging PMCs to counter Western influence and establish spheres of power. While this approach weakens Western influence, it also exacerbates instability and undermines human rights. The blurring of lines between state and non-state actors further complicates accountability. The research highlights the need for a multifaceted international response, including condemning human rights abuses, strengthening sanctions, and reevaluating Western military aid models to emphasise adherence to international law. Acknowledging limitations due to the opacity of PMCs, the paper recommends future research on African perspectives, potential shifts in Russia's strategy, and robust regulatory frameworks to enhance accountability and transparency. By illuminating the destabilising effects of Russia's PMC strategy, this paper underscores the urgency of safeguarding international norms for peace, security, and human rights.